|
|
 |
|
|
The scientific research in Antarctic as in Arctic has always required
specially conceived ships. First they allowed to discover
isolated lands, then at 19th and 20th century transport and
supplying. This
overseas territories is composed of 4 districts :
|
||
|
AMSTERDAM island is discovered by Juan Sebastian de El Cano, on board of VICTORIA , taking back the 18 survivors of Magellan expedition . |
|
The caraque displaced less than 90 tons ; she was a loading ship, heavier than the exploration caravels of Caribbean. |
In 1771, Nicolas Marion-Dufresne receives two flutes Mascarin and Marquis-de-Castries.
Colour test
After having rejoined Bourbon island then Capetown, left on 28-12-1771, the ships sail to south ; two weeks later, they discover Austral islands (Marion and Prince Edward Islands); on January 29 , the "îles Froides" (Cold islands) are in view (occidental group of Crozet) ; on January 24, they land on îles Arides (Dry islands), that the First mate, Julien Crozet, will take possession. After a call in Tasmania, they land on New-Zealand where Marion-Dufresne is killed after a 3 months stay.
 |
 |
 |
Two French flutes, La FORTUNE and le GROS VENTRE, mastered by the knight de Kerguelen-Tremarec form an expedition in the Southern Seas and on February 14, 1772 they sail in front of Fortune islands. A second expedition occurs in march 1772 with the vessel Le ROLLAND and the frigate L'OISEAU.
ASTROLABE
LA
COQUILLE, a
gabare
of 380 t, used by Duperrey in 1822 is a former horses
carrier. Jules Dumont d'Urville renamed her
ASTROLABE and
arrives in front of Antarctic continent on January
19, 1840 and gives her his wife name, Terre Adélie.
 |
LA NOVARA This Austro-Hungarian frigate, built at Venice from 1843 to 1850, is selected for a round-the-world scientific expedition from 1857 to 1859. She approaches St Paul et Amsterdam on November 9 1857 for a first scientific mission. To know more : SMS Novara Home Page |
|
HEROÏNE |
TAMARIS |
 |
 |
| French royal navy Corvette used in 1887 to check and complete information on Crozet archipelago | Iron barque in service for Bordes from 1877 to 1887 built at La Seyne sur Mer (463 t) wrecked at Crozet island in the night of 8 to 9/3/1887. The three castaways fix an iron plate to an albatross neck to call rescues. |
| From 23 September 1874 to 4 January 1875, French astronomers carried by DIVES land on Saint Paul island to observe the passage of Venus in front of the sun. | |
| Mastered by capitaine de vaisseau Mouchez, astronomer, hydrograph and member of "bureau des longitudes", DIVES leaves Saint-Paul for Amsterdam island where the ship calls from 5 to 7 January 1875 before going back to Saint-Denis de la Réunion. Dives is an aviso with three masts of 1 600 tons launched in 1870. The ship is powered by a 600 hp engine and is armed with six guns. Allocated to Indian Ocean squadron, she was based at Saint-Denis de la Réunion. The ship is retired on 5 January 1890. |
 |
|
|
|
|
EURE Aviso. She leaves Diego-Suarez on 12-12-1892. Calls in Kerguelen then St Paul (22-1-1893) and Amsterdam (24/1/94) before going back to La Réunion and Madagascar. Used to install a food store in St Paul. |
YVES DE KERGUELEN Barque Sunrise, built
at Cowes in 1877 (220 gross tons) |
|
 |
| GAUSS is built at Kiel (Germany) in 1900 from a model of FRAM. She leaves Kiel on 11-8-1901 with the expedition of Eric von Drygalski. She arrives at Kerguelen on 31-12-1901 and leaves Observatory bay on 31-1-1902 | |
 To know more: http://www.ccg-gcc.gc.ca/usque-ad-mare/chapitre4-5.htm |
|
| GAUSS is purchased in 1904 by the Canadian explorer Bernier to take possession of Baffin Land in right of Canada, November 9, 1906. | |
|
|
LE FRANÇAIS is a three masted schooner built at St Malo equipped of a 125 hp auxiliary engine. Charcot will realise an important hydrographic work in the West of Palmer peninsula ; the ship will be then sold in Argentina. |
|
|
40 metres long , 9m20 beam, 4m30 draft in load, POURQUOI-PAS is the first polar ship to have crossed the two polar circles . |
||
|
First ship built in France for a polar expedition , she is equipped of two laboratories and their annexes, of a large dark-room. The ship conceived at St Malo may accommodate 34 crew members. |
|
Rigged as a full-rigged ship, with a tonnage of 460 tons she can reach 11 knots under sails and 8 knots with a 500 hp auxiliary engine . From 1908 to 1910, she winters in Antarctic (Palmer archipelago , in South Shetlands) ; then from 1911 to 1914, from 1920 to 1924 she realises several oceanographic cruises in Atlantic and sails in northern seas. |
| In 1925, he is the first French to moor on the western coast of Greenland where he comes back in 1931, during the second international polar year . In 1934, he lands Paul-Émile Victor and his companions who will do an important ethnologic work close to Eskimos. At his return, off Iceland, they find force 12 winds which push them on reefs. One single man on 40 will survive to the wreck. | ||
|
J-B CHARCOT |
|
|
Ketch of Raymond Rallier du Baty,
former crew of le Français (1903-1905).
|
|
|
LA CURIEUSE |
|
|
She is launched in Boulogne (Leon Lefevre yards) on 3 April 1912. Equipped with a 40 horsepower petrol engine (6 knots) 7 crew. Master : Raymond Rallier du Baty. Boulogne 16-7-1912 Southampton 27-7 Cherbourg 18-9 Madère 29-9 Canaries 10-10 Dakar 28-10 Rio 19-12 Montevideo 9-2 Buenos Aires 14-2 to 17-2, Montevideo 18-2 Capetown 3-7-1913 to 20-9 Kerguelen : from 22-10 scientific
mission |
|
|
Oak built ketch
of 75 GRT , |
|
| ANTARES French Navy Aviso, built in 1915, commissioned in 1930 to mark the national sovereingty on St Paul et Amsterdam. 81 metres long, with a tonnage of 1140, she is manoeuvré par 8 officers and 97 crew. 440 tons of coal give her 3000 miles of autonomy for a maximal theoritical speed of 17 knots. |
 |
| ANTARES arrives on 16 January 1931 off Crozet, calls at Kerguelen on 22 January and hits Saint-Paul-et-Amsterdam on 10 February before going back to Mauritius on 18 February . | |
 |
In 1938, to affirm again French sovereignty of France on its austral islands, aviso BOUGAINVILLE, stationary ship in the Indian Ocean and based at Madagascar, leaves Diego-Suarez on 11 January 1939 and, after calls at Vohemar, Durban and Marion islands, arrives off île aux Cochons on 26 January 1939. Because of the bad weather, the ship anchores at Possession island on 29 January and scientifics may land. On 30 January, the ship sails to Kerguelen and arrives in the archipelago on 3 February to tour around the large island. Works of hydrography, geodesy and topography will continue at Port Couvreux until the 19 February. On 23 February BOUGAINVILLE goes back to Amsterdam which is left on 25 for Saint-Paul where scientifiques studies are done on fauna and flora. The mission finished, the ship returns to la Réunion whre she arrives on 3 March 1939, after 8 240 miles. |
| Characteristics of BOUGAINVILLE : * Length: 103 m * Width : 12,70 m * Displacement : 2 000 t * Autonomy: 7 600 miles at 14 knots or 13 000 miles at 8,5 knots * Power: 3 200 HP by 2 Diesel engiunes* Crew: 14 officers and 121 shipmen * Armament: 3 guns of 138 mm - 4 anti-aircraft guns of 37 mm | |
|
Former mines net layer of US navy "Lance Wood" 1943 - wood Length = 55m, width=11m 1460t of displacement 2 electric diesel of 90 horsepower. Becomes French on 28/8/47 (Atiette) at La Guadeloupe. |
|
|
1- she leaves St Malo on 14/9/48
and calls at Brest (left on 26/11), Casablanca, Durban,
Hobart (26/1/49-5/2/50), Casablanca, Durban,
Hobart (26/1/49-5/2/50). she cannot cross the ice pack
and U-turns to Brest on 11/6/49. The master was
frigate captain Max Douguet (YT157) ; P.E. VICTOR
was a member of the expedition. |
|
|
TOTTAN |
||
|
Norwegian whale ship of 540 tons, she replaces the Commandant Charcot : she left Rouen on 11/10/51 for Terre Adelie and arrives in front of Port-Martin on 21/12/51. |
||
|
After
a call at Pointe Geologie on 24/1, returns to Hobart on
1-2-52. |
 |
|
 |
TOTTAN is chartered by Australia for four voyages between 1951 and 1953. | |
ITALO MARSANO
She left
Marseille on 9/11/1950 for Tamatave (Madagascar) where she
calls on 10/12 ; at Maurice on 26/12, at
Port-aux-Français on 3/1, at Kerguelen from 5/1 to
15/1 ; she is at St Paul- et Amsterdam on 26/1.
Returns at St Denis-de-la-Réunion on 12/2.
GALLIENI
Built in 1944 at Richmond (California) as a
Liberty ship
for the US maritime
commission under the name ABRAM S. HEWITT. Her
characteristics are :
Tonnage 7.176 gross, 4.380 net., 10.865 dwt., displacement
14.245 tons ; powered by a 2.500 ihp triple expansion steam
engine, one screw, speed 10.5/11 knots ; She could carry
9.146 tons of cargo ; crew of 81 men.
Sold in janvier 1947 to Cia
Transoceanica La Veloce and renamed QUEMAR then ITALO
MARSANO. Chartered by Messageries Maritimes in 1950-51,
then managed by Andrea Marsano at Genoa. Sank in the South
China Sea in 1964.
Built at Port-de-Bouc in
1954. Supply ship.
 |
 |
|
Cover of Gallieni with Paquebot cancellation. |
GALLIENI
Built at
Port-de-Bouc in 1954. Supply ship.
115.20 m long and 16,10
m breadth, 4120 t, she is designed to serve on the western
coast of Madagascar with a capacity of 12 passengers in
cabins and 350 deck passangers. Equiped in 1957 of an
hélicopter deck, she is used until 1972. From 1967,
she serves for oceanographic missions in the Indian
Ocean .Sold in 1973, and broken up in 1983. She has been
replaced by the MARION-DUFRESNE.
-
Leaves Diego Suarez on 22-10-55. After a short call in Tamatave, she arrives at Kerguelen (2 until 5-11), Amsterdam (8 to 17-11) and returns to Tamatave on 24-11.
-
Logistic turn-round. Diego Suarez on 17-4-56 a short call in Tamatave, arrives at Kerguelen (30-4 to 3-5) Amsterdam (6-5-56 to 10-5) and returns to Tamatave on 17-5.
-
GALLIENI lands men on Possession island on 21/12/61 ; on 27/12 the ship calls at Kerguelen and on January the 5th at St Paul et Amsterdam. A second turn round occurs at Crozet from Kerguelen on 3 and 4 February ; a third one occurs at the end of the year 62.
MENU 
